Level measurement is an essential component in the control and monitoring of industrial processes, especially in water and wastewater technology. It enables the precise detection of the fill level in tanks, containers, reactors and open bodies of water. This information is crucial for process automation, the prevention of overflows or dry-running conditions, the
Surface-active substances, also known as surfactants, are molecules that have both hydrophilic (water-attracting) and hydrophobic (water-repellent) properties. This dual structure enables them to reduce the interfacial tension between two phases, such as water and oil. They can be found in a variety of industrial processes and products, including
Surface coating is an essential component of numerous industrial processes and is used in a wide range of industries. It is used to improve material properties such as corrosion protection, wear resistance, decorative appearance and chemical resistance. Various technologies and materials are used, such as paints, electroplated coatings, powder coatings or PVD coatings (physical vapor deposition).
Surface water refers to all natural water resources that are located on or near the earth's surface, such as rivers, lakes, ponds, reservoirs and oceans. In industrial water treatment, surface water is an important source that is used for various processes due to its availability and volume. However, the use of
Oil separators are essential system components in industrial water and wastewater treatment. They are used to separate water from immiscible liquids such as mineral oils, light oils and other hydrocarbons. These substances often enter wastewater streams through industrial processes, vehicle maintenance or rainwater runoff. An oil separator not only protects the environment, but also contributes
Organic load describes the amount of organic substances in water or wastewater that can be biodegraded or oxidized. These substances often originate from natural sources such as plant material, animal waste or microbial activity, but also from anthropogenic sources such as industrial wastewater, food processing or chemical production. Organic
Organic acids play a decisive role in biogas plants, as they are formed as intermediate products in the anaerobic decomposition of organic substrates. The concentration and composition of organic acids serves as an important indicator of the stability and efficiency of the biological process. An excess or imbalance of these acids can jeopardize the operation of the
Organic compounds are an extensive class of chemical substances consisting of carbon (C) and usually hydrogen (H), often combined with oxygen (O), nitrogen (N), sulphur (S), phosphorus (P) or halogens. They play a central role in industrial water and wastewater treatment, as they are used in the form of
Osmosis is a physico-chemical process that plays a central role in nature and in industrial water treatment. The control and utilization of osmosis makes it possible to efficiently design processes such as water desalination, wastewater treatment and the production of highly purified water. In this article, the basics of
Oxidation is a fundamental chemical process that plays a crucial role in industrial water and wastewater treatment. It is used to remove pollutants, convert toxic substances into more harmless compounds and disinfect water. Through the targeted use of various oxidation processes, a large number of pollutants can be
