Microfiltration (MF) is an essential component of modern water treatment and wastewater treatment technologies. The process uses membranes with a typical pore size of 0.1 to 10 micrometers to efficiently remove particles, colloids, bacteria and other microorganisms. It is a pressure-driven process that is characterized by its low energy requirements and versatility.

Technical basics

Microfiltration systems consist of several central components:

1. Diaphragms
   The diaphragms are made of robust polymer materials such as polyethersulfone (PES), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) or ceramic. These materials guarantee high chemical and thermal stability. The membranes are available in different geometries: hollow fiber, flat or ceramic membranes.

2. Pump systems
   A low pressure of 0.1 to 2 bar is required for filtration. Efficient pump systems ensure an even flow of water through the membranes.

3. Control and monitoring systems
   To ensure stable operation, microfiltration systems are equipped with automatic controls that monitor the filtration pressure, flow rate and membrane conditions.

4. Cleaning systems
   Fouling, i.e. the build-up of organic substances and microorganisms, is minimized by regular backwashing and chemical cleaning in place (CIP).

Functionality

Microfiltration separates particles and microorganisms through a combination of sieving action and surface filtration. The raw water is pressed through the membrane, whereby particles larger than the pore size are retained. The purified water (permeate) can be used directly or fed into further treatment processes. Backwashing regularly removes accumulated solids to maintain the performance of the membrane.