The water balance is a key aspect for companies that want to use their water resources efficiently and reduce their ecological footprint. It describes the inflow, outflow and storage of water within a defined system, such as a production plant or an entire site. Particularly in water-intensive industries, such as the
Water softening refers to the process of removing calcium (Ca²⁺) and magnesium (Mg²⁺) ions, which are responsible for water hardness. Hard water causes problems in many industrial processes, as the dissolved hardness constituents can lead to deposits (scaling), reduce system performance and increase energy consumption. Particularly in industrial circulation systems, such as
The Water Framework Directive (WFD), officially introduced as Directive 2000/60/EC of the European Union, represents a milestone in European water protection. It aims to comprehensively protect the EU's water resources, make their use sustainable and minimize pollution. Industry in particular is under pressure from the
Water recycling is a key concept in modern industrial water treatment that aims to use water resources efficiently, reduce wastewater volumes and lower operating costs. In the face of increasing water scarcity and strict environmental regulations, water recycling plays a crucial role in sustainable industrial production. In this article, we shed light on the technical principles, processes
Hydrogen production is a key technology for the energy transition and industrial processes, particularly in the chemical, energy and automotive industries. High-purity water is an essential prerequisite for many hydrogen production processes, such as electrolysis, which is one of the most efficient and sustainable methods. The quality of the water used plays a
Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) is one of the most versatile chemicals in industrial water and wastewater treatment. It is mainly used due to its strong oxidative properties and its ability to disinfect, decolorize and break down organic compounds. Hydrogen peroxide offers an environmentally friendly alternative to many other chemicals, as it can be used in
Water reuse, also known as water recycling, is a central component of sustainable water management and indispensable for industrial water and wastewater treatment. In times of increasing water scarcity and stricter environmental regulations, the reuse of treated wastewater is becoming increasingly important. It enables the conservation of natural water resources, reduces operating costs and minimizes the
Water ReUse, or the reuse of water, refers to the targeted treatment and use of wastewater or process water for new applications. In times of increasing water scarcity and stricter environmental regulations, Water ReUse is gaining in importance worldwide. This approach not only reduces fresh water consumption, but also cuts wastewater disposal costs
The Zahn-Wellens test, named after the scientists Hans Zahn and Carl Wellens, is an established method for assessing the biodegradability of organic substances in wastewater treatment. This test is used particularly in industrial water and wastewater technology to determine the biodegradability of chemicals, process wastewater or organic residues.
The influent load describes the quantity of a specific substance load that is fed into a water or wastewater treatment plant within a defined time interval. In contrast to the influent concentration, which indicates the amount of substance per unit volume of water (e.g. mg/L), the influent load takes into account the volume of water and is specified in units such as kg/day or g/h.
