The acid capacity (KS 4.3) describes the ability of water to neutralize acids. It indicates how much acid must be added to lower the pH value of the water to a certain value. The acid capacity is usually expressed in millimoles per liter (mmol/L) or milligrams of calcium carbonate per liter (mg/L CaCO₃)
An SBR reactor (Sequencing Batch Reactor) is a discontinuously operated biological purification process that integrates several treatment steps in a single tank. The SBR reactor is often used in water and wastewater treatment to remove organic compounds, nitrogen and phosphorus. The sequence of different phases in a single reactor provides
Scaling refers to the formation of solid, crystalline deposits on surfaces that are in contact with water. These deposits are caused by the supersaturation of certain dissolved salts in the water, which precipitate under specific thermodynamic conditions. Scaling is a common problem in industrial plants such as
The sludge age, also known as sludge residence time (SVZ) or mean cell residence time (MCRT), describes the average residence time of the biological biomass (microorganisms) in an aeration tank. It indicates how long the microorganisms remain in the activated sludge system before they are discharged as excess sludge. The sludge age is a central control parameter in
Sludge treatment is a central component of water and wastewater technology. Sludge is a by-product of almost all water and wastewater treatment processes, whether in mechanical pre-treatment, precipitation and flocculation in CP plants or in biological treatment processes. It contains a mixture of water, organic and inorganic solids,
Sludge dewatering is a central process in industrial wastewater treatment and sewage technology that aims to reduce the water content of sludge and increase the dry matter. This reduces the volume of sludge and makes it easier to dispose of, recycle or transport the sludge. Sludge dewatering is particularly important in industries with high
A sludge trap is a technical device used in water and wastewater treatment for the mechanical separation of sedimentable solids from water or wastewater flows. It is an essential component in mechanical pre-treatment by retaining heavy particles such as sand, silt, mineral substances and coarse organic components.
Sludge stabilization refers to the process by which organic substances in sewage sludge are broken down or chemically treated as far as possible in order to minimize odour formation, putrefaction processes and pathogenic germs. The aim is to prepare the sludge for further treatment, storage, disposal or recycling. Effective stabilization increases the
The sludge volume refers to the total volume of sludge produced in a water or wastewater treatment process. It is made up of the volume of solids and the volume of enclosed water. The sludge volume is a decisive factor in the planning and operation of wastewater treatment plants and industrial water treatment plants,
The peristaltic pump, also known as a peristaltic pump, is a special type of positive displacement pump that enables precise pumping of liquids by periodically squeezing a flexible hose or pipe. This technology is widely used in industrial water and wastewater treatment due to its versatility, its ability to pump viscous and
