The skid design describes a modular construction method in which complete technical systems or system components are pre-assembled on a stable frame (the so-called skid) and delivered ready for use. The skids consist of a steel or stainless steel frame on which all relevant system components, such as pumps, valves, measurement and control technology, piping, tanks and
The production of solar cells is a highly precise and technologically demanding process that consists of a large number of chemical, physical and thermal process steps. Solar cells, the basis for photovoltaic systems, convert solar energy directly into electrical energy and play a key role in sustainable energy generation. The industrial production of solar cells
A cracking plant, also known as a CP plant (chemical-physical plant), is a central process in industrial wastewater treatment that is used to remove emulsified oils, heavy metals, solids, AOX and other substances that are difficult to break down. The principle of the splitting plant is based on a combination of chemical precipitation, flocculation, neutralization and sedimentation,
The PLC (programmable logic controller) is a central component of automation technology and plays a crucial role in industrial water and wastewater treatment. It enables the control, monitoring and regulation of processes through the processing of input signals, the execution of programmable control logic and the output of control signals. In the
Trace substances are chemical compounds that occur in very low concentrations (in the range of micro- to nanograms per liter) in water and wastewater systems. They come from a variety of sources, such as drug residues, pesticides, industrial chemicals or cosmetics. Despite their low concentrations, they can have a significant impact on the environment and health.
Stacking tanks play a central role in industrial wastewater treatment. They are primarily used to homogenize and buffer wastewater in order to compensate for fluctuations in composition and volume. This function ensures that downstream treatment stages can work consistently and efficiently. Particularly in the case of uneven inflow volumes or highly
A static mixer is a piping component that is used for the efficient mixing of fluids without moving parts. The principle is based on the detour and division of the flow by permanently installed mixing elements within the pipe. As a result, liquids, gases or solids are homogeneously mixed together. In water and waste water technology
A positioner is a device that is used in combination with a control valve to adapt the exact position of the valve to the requirements of a control signal. The positioner ensures that the valve reaches the desired position precisely and reliably, regardless of external influences such as pressure fluctuations, friction or
Control refers to the processing of input variables (e.g. setpoints, sensor or operator inputs) in order to influence the output variables (e.g. valve positions, pump output) via a control element (e.g. PLC, switch or relay). In contrast to closed-loop control, there is no continuous feedback of the output variables; instead, the controller works strictly according to
A random sample in water and wastewater technology is a representative sample that is taken from a water, wastewater or sludge stream in order to analyze its chemical, physical or biological properties. It serves as a basis for assessing water quality, monitoring processes or ensuring compliance with legal requirements.
