The oxidation system is an essential component in water and wastewater treatment. It is used for the targeted removal of organic and inorganic pollutants through chemical or physical-chemical oxidation processes. Such systems are widely used in industrial water technology, particularly in the treatment of contaminated wastewater, the reduction of micropollutants, the removal of organic and inorganic pollutants and the treatment of wastewater.
Ozone oxidation is a highly effective process for water and wastewater treatment based on the strong oxidizing power of ozone (O₃). It is used in industrial water treatment to break down organic and inorganic contaminants, remove micropollutants and meet disinfection requirements. Ozone is one of the strongest known oxidizing agents and
Powdered activated carbon (PAC) is a highly porous adsorptive material that plays a central role in industrial water and wastewater treatment due to its large specific surface area. PAC is primarily used to remove organic pollutants, heavy metals, odors and flavors as well as toxic substances from water and wastewater. Their high effectiveness
Pellet sludge is a special form of sludge that is produced in anaerobic reactors for industrial wastewater treatment. This sludge is characterized by its compact, granular structure and high biological activity. In UASB reactors (Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket) and other anaerobic systems in particular, pellet sludge is specifically produced and used to
The term "permeate" refers to the purified water that passes through a membrane while impurities are retained. Permeate plays a crucial role in industrial water treatment, particularly in membrane processes such as reverse osmosis (RO), nanofiltration (NF) and ultrafiltration (UF). This article provides a comprehensive look at the properties,
Permeate Staged Reverse Osmosis (PSRO) is a specialized development of the classic reverse osmosis system that aims to maximize water recovery and optimize energy consumption. This process is primarily used in industrial applications such as seawater desalination, wastewater treatment and process water treatment. In this article
The petrochemical industry is one of the most important industrial sectors in the world and involves the production of chemicals and materials based on fossil raw materials such as crude oil and natural gas. Its production processes generate a variety of different wastewater and require specialized solutions in water treatment and wastewater treatment. In this article, the water technology
PFAS (per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances) are a group of synthetic organic compounds that are used in numerous industrial and commercial applications due to their unique chemical and physical properties. At the same time, their persistence, mobility and toxicological effects make them a major challenge for industrial water and wastewater treatment. PFAS
pH measurement is an essential analysis and monitoring technology in industrial water and wastewater treatment. It enables the precise determination of the acidity or alkalinity of water or wastewater and provides fundamental information for controlling chemical, biological and physical processes. The pH value is one of the most important parameters, as
The pH value is a fundamental parameter in industrial water and wastewater treatment. It defines the acidity or alkalinity of a solution and has a significant influence on chemical, physical and biological processes in water treatment and wastewater treatment plants. A sound understanding of the pH value is crucial for the optimization of processes such as
