Thickening is a process for reducing the water content in sludge and concentrating solids in industrial wastewater treatment and sewage sludge treatment. It is used to reduce the volume of the sludge content, thereby increasing the efficiency of subsequent dewatering and drying processes and reducing disposal costs. Thickening is used in
Iron(III) chloride (FeCl₃) is one of the most frequently used chemicals in industrial water and wastewater treatment. It belongs to the group of precipitants and plays a key role in phosphate elimination, heavy metal precipitation and turbidity removal. Ferric chloride is a strong oxidizing agent that is used in both municipal and industrial wastewater treatment.
Ferric chloride (FeCl₃), also known as iron(III) chloride, is one of the most frequently used chemicals in industrial water and wastewater treatment. It belongs to the group of precipitants and plays a key role in phosphate elimination, heavy metal precipitation and turbidity removal. Ferric chloride is a strong oxidizing agent that is used in both municipal and industrial wastewater treatment.
Electrodionization (EDI) is a state-of-the-art technology for the production of ultra-pure water and is used in applications where very low conductivity and low residual mineralization are required. The EDI process combines elements of ion exchange technology and electrodialysis and enables continuous water treatment without chemical regeneration. Technical basics of the
In industrial water and wastewater treatment, eluate refers to the liquid that is separated from a solid during the washing or elution process. In the context of filter or ion exchange processes, the eluate is the solution that contains dissolved substances such as ions, heavy metals or organic impurities and is separated from the solids during the washing or elution process.
An emulsion is a mixture of two normally immiscible liquids, such as oil and water, in which one phase is dispersed in the other in the form of fine droplets. The two main types are: Oil-in-water emulsions (O/W): oil is the dispersed phase, water is the continuous phase. Examples: Milk, cosmetic creams. Water-in-oil emulsions
Emulsion splitting is a central process in industrial wastewater treatment in which stable oil-water mixtures are separated. These emulsions are often produced in the metal processing, food, petrochemical and recycling industries. The challenge lies in the fact that the fine distribution of the oil droplets is stabilized by emulsifiers, which makes simple separation by mechanical processes impossible.
The final inspection is a crucial process step in industrial water and wastewater treatment. It is used for final inspection and quality assurance before the treated water is reused or discharged into the environment. The final inspection includes monitoring physical and chemical parameters as well as checking compliance with legal requirements.
Deferrization refers to the process of removing dissolved iron and manganese from water. These substances often occur in natural groundwater and can cause problems such as discoloration, deposits or changes in taste at high concentrations. Especially in industrial water treatment and drinking water production, deferrization is a key step in order to
Softening refers to the process of removing calcium (Ca²⁺) and magnesium (Mg²⁺) ions, which are responsible for water hardness. Hard water causes problems in many industrial processes, as the dissolved hardness constituents can lead to deposits (scaling), reduce system performance and increase energy consumption. Particularly in industrial circulation systems, such as
