Chromium(III), also known as chromium III ion or chromium trioxide, is one of the most common oxidation states of chromium (alongside chromium(VI)) and plays an important role in industrial water and wastewater treatment. Chromium(III) is the trivalent cation Cr³⁺ and is chemically and toxicologically very different from chromium(VI), which is considered to be a highly toxic and hazardous substance.
Chromium(VI), also known as hexavalent chromium or chromate, is a highly reactive and toxic oxidation state of the element chromium. It is one of the most dangerous and environmentally harmful forms of chromium, as it is highly toxic, carcinogenic and soluble in water. In industrial water and wastewater treatment, chromium(VI) is the focus of pollutant control,
Chromium reduction is an essential chemical process in industrial wastewater treatment that aims to convert the highly toxic chromium(VI) (hexavalent chromium) into the less toxic and easier to remove form chromium(III) (trivalent chromium). Chromium(VI) is water-soluble, highly oxidizing and is considered carcinogenic, making it a significant environmental hazard.
The neutralization of wastewater is an essential process in order to meet the legal requirements for discharge into bodies of water or municipal sewage treatment plants. A particularly sustainable method is neutralization with carbon dioxide (CO2), which not only treats the wastewater effectively, but also acts as a CO2 sink and thus protects the environment.
Container construction offers a flexible and sustainable alternative to conventional hall construction, especially for the construction of industrial water treatment plants. This technology makes it possible to install complete plants in modular technical room containers that are specially optimized for use in water and wastewater treatment. ALMAWATECH uses this container construction method to install biological
Chemical-physical treatment, which is carried out in CP plants, is a method of purifying industrial wastewater and process water that combines chemical and physical processes to remove pollutants from the water or render them harmless. This treatment approach is often used in industries where wastewater with
The COD (chemical oxygen demand) is an important parameter in water and wastewater treatment and describes the amount of oxygen required for the chemical oxidation of all organic and inorganic compounds in a water sample. The COD thus provides information about the total load of oxidizable substances in a water, in particular
The COD load is a technical parameter used in industrial wastewater treatment, particularly in biological processes. It describes the quantity of organic compounds, measured as COD (chemical oxygen demand), which can be degraded per unit volume of a biological reactor in a defined period of time. The COD space load is determined in the
Cyanides are chemical compounds that contain a cyano group (-CN) consisting of a carbon (C) and a nitrogen atom (N). They are widely used in various industrial processes, including metalworking, electroplating, mining and the chemical industry, where they are used, for example, to extract gold and silver or for the surface treatment of metals.
